American Bioregion Library

Official American Sub-Bioregion Hero Portals
Sub-Bioregional Portal I

Arctic & Subarctic Bioregion Library

Circumpolar tundra hydrology, sea-ice dynamics, sea-mammal hunting ethics, and the ancestral ecological knowledge of Inuit, Inupiat, and Yupik communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal II

Boreal Forest Bioregion Library

Taiga woodland ecology, peatland carbon sinks, birch-bark canoe engineering, and the living heritage of Dene, Cree, and Innu peoples.
Sub-Bioregional Portal III

North Atlantic Coastal Bioregion Library

Estuarine fisheries, coastal salt marshes, hardwood agroforestry, and the governance of Haudenosaunee, Mi’kmaq, and Wampanoag nations.
Sub-Bioregional Portal IV

Pacific Coastal–Temperate Rainforest Library

Ancient cedar forestry, wild salmon stewardship, totem carving iconography, and the maritime culture of Haida, Tlingit, Coast Salish, and Nuu-chah-nulth nations.
Sub-Bioregional Portal V

Rocky–Sierra–Cordillera Mountain Library

High-altitude alpine ecology, headwater watershed conservation, cultural fire management, and the mountain traditions of Shoshone, Ute, and Salish communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal VI

Mesoamerican Bioregion Library

Milpa companion agriculture, volcanic valley terracing, cenote karst hydrology, hieroglyphic writing, and the heritage of Maya, Nahua, Zapotec, and Mixtec peoples.
Sub-Bioregional Portal VII

Caribbean–Island Bioregion Library

Insular tropical marine biology, coral reef protection, hurricane resilience, cassava conuco farming, and Taíno and Kalinago ancestral heritage.
Sub-Bioregional Portal VIII

Northern Andes Bioregion Library

Páramo high-altitude wetland hydrology, cloud forest biodiversity, gold craftsmanship, and the heritage of Chibcha, Muisca, and Nasa communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal IX

Amazon Basin Bioregion Library

The world’s largest tropical rainforest, riverine floodplain ecology, terra preta soil science, ethnobotanical medicine, and the stewardship of Yanomami, Kayapó, and Asháninka peoples.
Sub-Bioregional Portal X

Orinoco–Guiana Shield Bioregion Library

Tepui tabletop mountain ecosystems, Gran Sabana ecology, blackwater river systems, and the territory of Piaroa, Pemon, and Warao communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal XI

Andean Highlands & Dry Valleys Library

High-altitude terrace agriculture (andenes), camelid pastoralism, water canal engineering, textile arts, and the knowledge of Quechua and Aymara societies.
Sub-Bioregional Portal XII

Chaco–Pantanal Bioregion Library

The world’s largest tropical wetland system, dry forest fauna, river pulse dynamics, and the knowledge of Guaraní, Nivaclé, and Ayoreo peoples.
Sub-Bioregional Portal XIII

Cerrado–Caatinga Bioregion Library

Central Brazilian savanna biodiversity, semi-arid thorny scrub biomes, water table recharge, and the territory of Xavante, Kraho, and Fulni-ô communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal XIV

Atlantic Forest Bioregion Library

The biodiverse Mata Atlântica, coastal mountain streams, endemic flora restoration, and the heritage of Tupinambá and Guaraní Mbyá communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal XV

Pampas–La Plata Bioregion Library

Temperate grassland soil science, Rio de la Plata estuarine hydrology, equestrian traditions, and the memory of Charrua, Het, and Rankülche communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal XVI

Patagonian–Subantarctic Library

Wind-swept steppe dynamics, Fuegian archipelago canoeing, Valdivian temperate rainforests, and the stewardship of Mapuche, Selk’nam, Yaghan, and Kawésqar peoples.

African Bioregion Library

Official African Sub-Bioregion Hero Portals
Sub-Bioregional Portal I

Sahara & Oasis Desert Bioregion Library

Hyper-arid desert ecosystems, ancient oasis hydrology, subterranean foggaras, caravan routes, and the ecological wisdom of Tuareg and Berber communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal II

Sahel Semi-Arid Transition Library

Semi-arid savanna belts, transhumance pastoral mobility, Great Green Wall anti-desertification, and customary land tenure of the Fulani and neighbors.
Sub-Bioregional Portal III

North African Mediterranean–Atlas Library

Mediterranean montane biomes, Atlas terraced agriculture, cork oak forests, coastal marine biology, and the heritage of Amazigh (Berber) societies.
Sub-Bioregional Portal IV

West African Savannah–Forest Mosaic Library

Sacred groves, agroforestry mosaics, Niger and Volta river basins, bronze and textile arts, and the worldviews of Yoruba, Dogon, and Akan peoples.
Sub-Bioregional Portal V

Central African Congo Rainforest Library

Earth’s second largest tropical rainforest, Congo Basin hydrology, canopy biodiversity, carbon science, and the forest knowledge of BaAka and Mbuti communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal VI

East African Rift Valley–Highlands Library

The volcanic Great Rift Valley, montane forests, wildlife corridors, pastoralist cattle traditions, and the continuity of Maasai, Kikuyu, and Oromo societies.
Sub-Bioregional Portal VII

Horn of Africa Drylands & Highlands Library

The Ethiopian Massif, Simien biodiversity, endemic flora, frankincense dryland forestry, terraced agriculture, and the cultural archives of the Horn.
Sub-Bioregional Portal VIII

Southern African Savanna–Karoo–Cape Library

The Cape Floristic Region hotspot, fynbos botany, Namib and Kalahari adaptations, and the rock art and ethnobotany of San and Khoikhoi communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal IX

African Great Lakes Basin Library

Lake Victoria, Tanganyika, and Malawi ecosystems, lacustrine fisheries, cichlid evolutionary science, and the traditions of Great Lakes societies.

Asian Bioregion Library

Official Asian Sub-Bioregion Hero Portals
Sub-Bioregional Portal I

Siberian Boreal & Arctic Tundra Library

Permafrost dynamics, northern taiga ecology, reindeer pastoralism, and the knowledge of Evenki, Nenets, Sakha, and Chukchi communities across subarctic Eurasia.
Sub-Bioregional Portal II

Central Asian Steppe & Desert Library

Vast grassland steppes, Gobi desert adaptations, nomadic horse culture, Silk Road oases, and pasture governance of Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Mongolian herdsmen.
Sub-Bioregional Portal III

East Asian Temperate–Monsoon Library

Temperate broadleaf forests, monsoon river basins, Satoyama stewardship, rice-paddy agroecology, and the heritage of Ainu, Han, and Korean communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal IV

Himalayan–Tibetan Highlands Library

The Tibetan Plateau (“Third Pole”), glacier hydrology, yak pastoralism, sacred mountain geography, and the science of Tibetan, Sherpa, and Ladakhi societies.
Sub-Bioregional Portal V

South Asian Monsoon Plains & Rivers Library

The Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra floodplains, monsoon agriculture, Sundarbans mangrove ecology, and the water-harvesting systems of South Asia.
Sub-Bioregional Portal VI

Southeast Asian Tropical Archipelago Library

Wallacea and Sundaland hotspots, equatorial canopy science, maritime voyaging, and the forest stewardship of Orang Asli, Dayak, Hmong, and Ifugao communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal VII

Southwest Asian Arid–Oasis–River Library

The Tigris-Euphrates Fertile Crescent, ancient qanat canal engineering, date-palm oasis polyculture, and Near Eastern riverine agricultural heritage.
Sub-Bioregional Portal VIII

Arabian Peninsula Desert–Oasis Library

Rub’ al Khali hyper-arid ecology, Red Sea and Persian Gulf coral reefs, Bedouin nomadic navigation, and traditional frankincense dryland forestry.

European Bioregion Library

Official European Sub-Bioregion Hero Portals
Sub-Bioregional Portal I

Arctic–Nordic Europe Bioregion Library

Fennoscandian tundra ecosystems, boreal taiga dynamics, Arctic maritime navigation, and the reindeer herding knowledge of the Sámi across Sápmi.
Sub-Bioregional Portal II

Atlantic–Celtic Coast Bioregion Library

Coastal temperate rainforests, estuarine tidal hydrology, island agroforestry, fishing commons, and the oral traditions of Celtic and Atlantic communities.
Sub-Bioregional Portal III

Western European Interior Bioregion Library

Broadleaf deciduous woodland conservation, Rhine, Seine, and Loire river management, hedgerow ecology, and historical landscape architecture.
Sub-Bioregional Portal IV

Mediterranean Europe Bioregion Library

Evergreen sclerophyllous scrublands (maquis and garrigue), terraced olive and vine polyculture, and the wisdom of Basque, Iberian, Italic, and Hellenic cultures.
Sub-Bioregional Portal V

Alpine–Carpathian Mountain Spine Library

High-altitude alpine grasslands, glacial headwater hydrology, transhumance pastoralism, and the knowledge of Alpine and Carpathian mountain societies.
Sub-Bioregional Portal VI

Central European Green Heart Library

Mixed beech and oak forest ecosystems, Danube basin hydrology, traditional silviculture, and community-based watershed management.
Sub-Bioregional Portal VII

Northern Lowland–Baltic Bioregion Library

Coastal dune systems, post-glacial lacustrine wetlands, amber-bearing littoral zones, and the ancestral heritage of Baltic and Finno-Ugric peoples.
Sub-Bioregional Portal VIII

Eastern Forest–Steppe Bioregion Library

Chernozem black-soil science, forest-steppe biomes, Dnieper and Volga corridor protection, and Slavic oral epic and agricultural calendars.
Sub-Bioregional Portal IX

Balkan Mountain–Valley Bioregion Library

Dinaric Alps karst landscapes, subterranean hydrology, endemic Balkan flora, transhumance routes, and Southeastern European ethnobotanical traditions.
Sub-Bioregional Portal X

Black Sea–Caucasus Gateway Library

Caucasus biodiversity hotspots, Colchic temperate rainforests, ancient agrobiodiversity, and the linguistic and ecological heritage of Caucasian peoples.

More Mexican articles:

Pueblo Triqui: Historia, Cultura y Cosmovisión Indígena

Pueblo Triqui: Historia, Cultura y Cosmovisión Indígena de México

Español

Introducción

El pueblo Triqui es uno de los grupos étnicos indígenas más pequeños y aislados de México, ubicado en el estado de Oaxaca, en la región de las Altas Montañas. Con una población estimada de alrededor de 200.000 personas, el Triqui es una comunidad autónoma con su propia lengua, cultura y tradición.

La historia del Triqui se remonta a la época prehispánica, cuando la región estaba habitada por diversas tribus indígenas. Sin embargo, la llegada de los conquistadores españoles en el siglo XVI tuvo un impacto devastador en la población triqui, que se vio afectada por la enfermedad, la esclavitud y la expulsión forzada a la región. Aunque se han logrado algunos avances en la recuperación de la cultura y la lengua triqui en los últimos años, la comunidad sigue enfrentando desafíos significativos en la protección de su patrimonio cultural y su derecho a la autodeterminación.

Desarrollo

La religión y la espiritualidad son fundamentales en la cultura triqui. Los triquis creen en un universo de espíritus y seres sobrenaturales, que están presentes en todo el entorno natural. Los más importantes son el “Tecuani” (turco y jaguar), la “Mitla” (maíz y chile), la “Ixcate” (montaña) y los “Cielos” (nubes). La espiritualidad triqui se basa en la creencia en una conexión estrecha con la naturaleza y en la importancia de mantener el equilibrio y la armonía en el mundo.

La red de textiles es una de las artesanías más importantes de la cultura triqui. Los triquis son expertos en tejidos y bordados, y su arte se caracteriza por la utilización de colores vibrantes y patrones geométricos. La red de textiles también se utiliza para la comunicación y la expresión cultural, ya que cada patrón y color tiene un significado específico y puede transmitir mensajes y historias.

Animales y plantas Cronología histórica
El tecuani (turco y jaguar) es un símbolo importante en la espiritualidad triqui. Prehispánica: la llegada de los conquistadores españoles tuvo un impacto devastador en la población triqui.
La mitla (maíz y chile) es una de las plantas más importantes en la cultura triqui. Siglo XVI: la expulsión forzada de la región afectó duramente a la población triqui.
La ixcate (montaña) es un símbolo de la naturaleza y la espiritualidad triqui. Siglo XIX: la llegada de los misioneros católicos tuvo un impacto significativo en la cultura triqui.

Conclusión

En resumen, el pueblo Triqui es una comunidad autónoma con una rica cultura y tradición, que ha sido afectada por la historia y la política. Es importante reconocer y proteger su patrimonio cultural y su derecho a la autodeterminación, para que puedan seguir desarrollándose y prosperar en su tierra.

English

Introduction

The Triqui people are one of the smallest and most isolated indigenous groups in Mexico, located in the state of Oaxaca, in the High Mountains region. With an estimated population of around 200,000 people, the Triqui is an autonomous community with its own language, culture, and tradition.

The history of the Triqui dates back to pre-Columbian times, when the region was inhabited by various indigenous tribes. However, the arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century had a devastating impact on the Triqui population, who were affected by disease, slavery, and forced expulsion from the region. Despite some progress in recovering Triqui culture and language in recent years, the community continues to face significant challenges in protecting its cultural heritage and self-determination rights.

Development

Religion and spirituality are fundamental in Triqui culture. Triquis believe in an universe of spirits and supernatural beings, which are present in all natural surroundings. The most important are the “Tecuani” (turkey and jaguar), the “Mitla” (maize and chili), the “Ixcate” (mountain), and the “Cielos” (clouds). Triqui spirituality is based on the belief in a close connection with nature and the importance of maintaining balance and harmony in the world.

Triqui textile weaving is one of the most important artisanal traditions. Triquis are skilled in weaving and embroidery, and their art is characterized by the use of vibrant colors and geometric patterns. The textile network also serves as a means of communication and expression, as each pattern and color has a specific meaning and can convey messages and stories.

Animals and plants Cronology historical
The tecuani (turkey and jaguar) is an important symbol in Triqui spirituality. Pre-Columbian: the arrival of Spanish conquistadors had a devastating impact on the Triqui population.
The mitla (maize and chili) is one of the most important plants in Triqui culture. 16th century: the forced expulsion from the region had a significant impact on the Triqui population.
The ixcate (mountain) is a symbol of nature and spirituality in Triqui culture. 19th century: the arrival of Catholic missionaries had a significant impact on Triqui culture.

Conclusion

In summary, the Triqui people are an autonomous community with a rich culture and tradition, which has been affected by history and politics. It is essential to recognize and protect their cultural heritage and self-determination rights, so that they can continue to develop and thrive in their land.

Français

Introduction

Le peuple Triqui est l’un des groupes indigènes les plus petits et les plus isolés du Mexique, situé dans l’État d’Oaxaca, dans la région des Hauts-Pyrénées. Avec une population estimée à environ 200 000 personnes, le Triqui est une communauté autonome avec sa propre langue, sa culture et sa tradition.

L’histoire du Triqui remonte à l’époque précolombienne, lorsque la région était habitée par diverses tribus indigènes. Cependant, l’arrivée des conquistadors espagnols au 16e siècle a eu un impact dévastateur sur la population triqui, qui a été affectée par la maladie, l’esclavage et l’expulsion forzée de la région. Bien que des progrès aient été faits dans la récupération de la culture et de la langue triqui dans les dernières années, la communauté continue à faire face à des défis significatifs en matière de protection de son patrimoine culturel et de ses droits à l’autodétermination.

Développement

La religion et la spiritualité sont fondamentales dans la culture triqui. Les triquis croient en un univers de esprits et de êtres supérieurs, qui sont présents dans tout l’entourage naturel. Les plus importants sont le “Tecuani” (le turc et le jaguar), la “Mitla” (le maïs et le poivre), la “Ixcate” (la montagne) et les “Cielos” (les nuages). La spiritualité triqui est basée sur la croyance en une connexion étroite avec la nature et sur l’importance de maintenir l’équilibre et l’harmonie dans le monde.

Le tissage de tapis est l’une des traditions artisanales les plus importantes de la culture triqui. Les triquis sont des maîtres du tissage et de l’embroiderie, et leur art est caractérisé par l’utilisation de couleurs vives et de modèles géométriques. Le réseau de tapis sert également à la communication et à l’expression culturelles, car chaque motif et couleur ont un sens spécifique et peuvent transmettre des messages et des histoires.

Animaux et plantes Chronologie historique
Le tecuani (le turc et le jaguar) est un symbole important dans la spiritualité triqui. Précolombien: l’arrivée des conquistadors espagnols a eu un impact dévastateur sur la population triqui.
La mitla (le maïs et le poivre) est l’une des plantes les plus importantes dans la culture triqui. 16e siècle: l’expulsion forzée de la région a eu un impact significatif sur la population triqui.
La ixcate (la montagne) est un symbole de la nature et de la spiritualité triqui. 19e siècle: l’arrivée des missionnaires catholiques a eu un impact significatif sur la culture triqui.

Conclusion

En résumé, le peuple Triqui est une communauté autonome avec une culture et une tradition riches, qui a été affectée par l’histoire et la politique. Il est essentiel de reconnaître et de protéger son patrimoine culturel et ses droits à l’autodétermination, afin que les triquis puissent continuer à développer et à prospérer dans leur terre.

Preguntas Frecuentes / FAQ / Questions Fréquentes

Q: ¿Cuál es la lengua oficial del pueblo Triqui?

A: La lengua oficial del pueblo Triqui es el triqui, aunque también se habla el español y el náhuatl.

Q: ¿En qué región se encuentra el pueblo Triqui?

A: El pueblo Triqui se encuentra en la región de las Altas Montañas de Oaxaca, México.

Q: ¿Cuál es la religión principal del pueblo Triqui?

A: La religión principal del pueblo Triqui es una mezcla de espiritualidad indígena y catolicismo.

Explora Más

Visita nuestra colección de artículos y recursos sobre el pueblo Triqui y su cultura, en nuestra sección de Pueblos Indígenas de Oaxaca: Triqui People y Cultura y Tradición Triqui.

Bibliografía / References / Références

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